Scalp conditions such as psoriasis, dermatitis and dandruff are extremely common, yet many people struggle to know when home care is enough and when it’s time to speak with a healthcare professional. Because these conditions have similar symptoms such as itchiness, flaking and redness, it can be difficult to understand what’s happening on your scalp and which treatments are most suitable.
This guide breaks down the key differences between the most common scalp concerns, when to seek medical help and how medicated products such as coal tar shampoo, including Polytar Scalp Shampoo, can help treat certain scalp disorders.
Understanding common scalp conditions
Here are the main symptoms associated with the most common scalp conditions:
Psoriasis of the scalp
Scalp psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that occurs when skin cells are produced too quickly. On the scalp, this creates thick, raised patches that may appear red with silvery-white scaling. These areas can be itchy or sore and may flake. Scalp psoriasis can range from mild to extensive and may come and go in periods known as flare-ups.
Common symptoms include:
- Red, inflamed patches on the scalp
- Thick, scaly plaques
- Itchiness, which may vary in intensity
- Flaking that may be more substantial than ordinary dandruff
- Patches that can, in some cases, extend beyond the hairline
Scalp psoriasis is not contagious, and its severity can change over time.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common scalp condition that causes inflammation and irritation. It often leads to redness and greasy or yellowish flakes on the scalp. The skin may feel itchy or sensitive, and flaking tends to be more persistent than with ordinary dandruff.
Typical characteristics include:
- Oily or greasy-looking skin and flakes
- Redness or irritation
- Thicker, more stubborn flaking
- Itching that may worsen during flare-ups
Seborrhoeic dermatitis often comes and goes, with flare-ups appearing from time to time.
Dandruff
Dandruff is usually considered a milder form of seborrhoeic dermatitis. It’s extremely common and generally results in fine, white flakes and mild itchiness. Dandruff can be aggravated by factors such as stress, cold weather or the use of harsh hair products.
Features of dandruff typically include:
- Fine, dry-looking flakes
- Mild itchiness
- Minimal or no redness
- Flakes seen on the scalp, hair or shoulders
Dandruff isn’t harmful, but it can be extremely irritating to live with.
How these scalp conditions differ
Although these scalp conditions share symptoms such as flaking and itchiness, they vary in severity and appearance. Psoriasis tends to produce thicker and more defined plaques, while seborrhoeic dermatitis often causes greasier flakes with more noticeable redness. Dandruff is generally milder, usually with dry flakes and less irritation.
At first glance, some of these conditions can seem similar, so it’s wise to get advice from a doctor or pharmacist to confirm your symptoms.
How to manage symptoms at home
For many people, mild scalp conditions can be managed with a simple at-home care routine.
Keep your scalp clean
Regular washing helps remove flakes and reduce oil build-up.
Avoid irritation
Harsh hair products, very hot water or scrubbing too hard can make your scalp worse. On non-treatment days, stick to mild shampoos and practise gentle washing.
Avoid scratching
Scratching can worsen inflammation and may lead to infection. Keeping nails short and using soothing treatments can help reduce the urge to itch.
Manage stress
Stress doesn’t cause scalp conditions, but it can make flare-ups worse. Stress-relieving techniques such as mindfulness, exercise or good sleep habits may help reduce flare-ups.
How medicated coal tar shampoos can help
Medicated shampoos such as Polytar Scalp Shampoo can be useful in treating certain scalp conditions. Coal tar has been used for many years to help with scalp conditions by slowing rapid skin cell turnover, reducing flaking and relieving itching.
Polytar Scalp Shampoo is a licensed medicated shampoo containing coal tar solution 4% w/w. It is indicated for the treatment of:
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Eczema
- Itchiness (pruritus)
- Scaling associated with psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and eczema
- Itchy, oily scalp
- Dandruff
Use Polytar Scalp Shampoo as directed. Always read the label and consult a doctor or pharmacist if symptoms persist or worsen.
When to seek medical advice
Speak to a healthcare professional if:
- Symptoms are severe or worsening
- Over-the-counter treatments aren’t helping
- Signs of infection appear
- Symptoms spread beyond the scalp
- You’re unsure of the cause
- Symptoms affect confidence or quality of life
Supporting scalp health long term
- Use medicated shampoos as directed
- Identify triggers such as stress or weather
- Maintain gentle hair and scalp care routines
Final thoughts
Psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, eczema and dandruff are common and manageable. Understanding the differences, practising gentle scalp care and seeking advice when needed can make a real difference.
