‘Eczema’ is a term which is used to describe red, dry, itchy skin. Sometimes the skin can crack, weep, blister, or become scaly, crusty and thick.
Eczema is a common condition that can also affect the scalp. Characterised by inflamed, itchy and irritated skin, it can range from mild discomfort to severe flare-ups that significantly impact daily life.
In this article, we’ll explore what scalp eczema is, its symptoms, causes and the various treatment options available, that can help manage scalp-related eczema symptoms.
What is scalp eczema?
Scalp eczema is a common skin condition that causes red, itchy, dry and flaky patches on the scalp, often more severe than regular dandruff.
There are several types of scalp eczema, including:
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis: The most common form of scalp eczema. It affects oily areas, leading to dandruff, redness, itching and flaking.
- Atopic dermatitis: While more common on the face, hands and skin folds, it can sometimes appear on the scalp, especially in children. It causes dry, itchy patches and sensitivity.
- Contact dermatitis: This type of eczema is triggered when the scalp reacts to allergens or irritants such as certain shampoos, hair dyes or styling products. It often presents as sudden itching, redness or rashes within minutes to hours of exposure (irritant contact dermatitis), or it typically causes symptoms 24–72 hours after exposure (allergic contact dermatitis).
While eczema isn't contagious, flare-ups can be uncomfortable and distressing.
Symptoms of scalp eczema
Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of the scalp eczema, but common signs include:
- Flaking or dandruff-like scales.
- Greasy patches on the scalp.
- Intense itching, which may worsen at night.
- Red, inflamed or cracked skin.
- Clear, fluid-filled blisters that may ooze or crust.
- In some cases, temporary hair loss occurs due to scratching and inflammation.
Common causes of scalp eczema
The exact cause of eczema (scalp eczema) is complex and varied. Several factors contribute to it, including:
Genetics
People with a family history of eczema, asthma or hay fever are more likely to develop eczema. A genetic mutation that affects the skin barrier can make it less effective at retaining moisture and keeping irritants out.
Environmental triggers
Many environmental factors can trigger eczema, such as:
- Allergens, such as dust mites, pollen, pollutants or pet dander.
- Irritants, like harsh soaps, detergents or certain shampoos.
- Weather changes, particularly cold, dry conditions.
- Stress, which can worsen flare-ups.
Immune system response
In people with eczema, the immune system tends to overreact to everyday triggers. This exaggerated response causes inflammation in the skin, leading to the redness, itching and irritation that are characteristic of eczema flare-ups.
How to treat scalp eczema
While eczema cannot be cured, it can be managed with the right treatment plan. The goal is to reduce symptoms, prevent flare-ups and improve overall quality of life. Treatment of scalp eczema will depend on the type, diagnosed by a doctor. Below are possible treatment options:
- Emollients
- Coconut oil
- Salicylic acid and tar preparations
- Medicated shampoos
- Topical corticosteroids (lotions, foams or solutions) to reduce inflammation and itching.
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors for sensitive areas where steroid use is limited.
What is Polytar?
Polytar Scalp Shampoo is a medicated shampoo which contains 4% coal tar solution. It is formulated to help manage scalp conditions, such as psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, dandruff and eczema.
Polytar Scalp Shampoo helps to:
- Reduce itching and irritation associated with scalp eczema.
- Control scaling and flaking, helping to manage dandruff-like symptoms.
- Soothe inflammation, making the scalp feel more comfortable.
- Cleanse without stripping the scalp of its essential natural oils.
How to use Polytar Scalp Shampoo
Always read the label before use and consult a healthcare professional if the condition persists or worsens.
Polytar Scalp Shampoo is designed for use once or twice a week for four weeks, following these directions:
- Wet your hair: Rinse your hair thoroughly with warm water.
- Apply the shampoo: Use enough shampoo to create a rich lather.
- Massage: Gently massage the scalp and surrounding areas with your fingertips.
- Leave on: Ensure the shampoo remains on the scalp for a total of 3–5 minutes.
- Rinse and repeat: Rinse thoroughly and repeat steps 2–5 once.
Use for longer than 4 weeks should only be on the advice of a doctor.
Lifestyle changes
- Try to manage stress. Stress is a common trigger for scalp eczema flare-ups, so keeping stress levels to a minimum can help reduce the worst triggers.
- Maintain a balanced diet and hydrate regularly. Keeping the body nourished with key vitamins and minerals, as well as fresh water, supports overall skin health.
- Stick to a routine. Consistency with treatments can help maintain scalp comfort and reduce flare-ups.
When to see a doctor about eczema of the scalp
It’s important to seek medical advice if:
- Symptoms are severe or spreading.
- Over-the-counter remedies are not working.
- The skin shows signs of infection (such as pus, increased pain or fever).
A dermatologist can provide a personalised treatment, including prescription medications and tailored advice.
Final thoughts about eczema
Eczema is a complex condition that can affect not just the skin, but also confidence and overall quality of life. The good news is that with proper care, treatment and small lifestyle changes, symptoms can be controlled and even treated.
Polytar Scalp Shampoo is formulated with 4% coal tar solution to help ease the irritation associated with stubborn scalp conditions, including eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis and dandruff. It is designed to calm itching and reduce flaking to help your scalp feel more comfortable. As with all medicines, always read the label or leaflet carefully before use and consult with a healthcare professional if the condition persists or worsens.
If you’re living with eczema, remember that you’re not alone – and with the right approach, you can manage flare-ups and enjoy a healthier scalp.
